Leo Hendrik Baekeland: Chemist and Inventor

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In order to determine in how far this is possible I have heated in sealed tubes a portion of this liquid so as to determine whether there is a further separation of H 2O or whether this is simply a solution of the hard gum in excess of phenol, then by simple open air evaporation I shall be able to accomplish hardening while I shall not succeed in closed sealed tubes. Over time, Baekeland obtained about 400 relating to his creation. The box illustrated carries the first design of the Plus-X sheet film labels.

The “Velox” coding system before 1947 is believed to have been similar to the Kodak Bromide paper codes. Inventors and Inventions: B - EnchantedLearning.

Leo Baekeland

Plastics are so prevalent today throughout the world that we rarely give them a second thought. The heat resistant, non-conductive, easily molded material holds the food we eat, the liquids we drink, the toys we play with, computers we work with and many of the objects we buy. The first commercially used synthetic plastic was Bakelite. It was invented by a successful scientist named Leo Hendrik Baekeland. Born in Ghent, Belgium, in 1863, Baekeland immigrated to the United States in 1889. His first major invention was Velox, a printing paper that could be developed under artificial light. Baekeland sold the rights to Velox to for for one million dollars in 1899. He then started his own laboratory in Yonkers, New York, where he invented Bakelite in 1907. Made by combining phenol, a common disinfectant, with formaldehyde, Bakelite was original conceived of as a synthetic substitute for the shellac used in electronic insulation. However, the strength and mold-ability of the substance—combined with the low cost of producing the material made it idea for manufacturing. In 1909, Bakelite was introduced to the general public at a chemical conference and interest in the plastic was immediate. Bakerlite was used to manufacture everything from telephone handsets and costume jewelry to bases and sockets for lights bulbs to automobile engine parts and washing machine components. Over time, Baekeland obtained about 400 relating to his when was the velox photographic paper invented. By 1930, his company occupied 128-acre plant in New Jersey. The material fell out of favor, however, because of a adaptive issues. Bakelite was fairly brittle in its pure form. To make it more malleable and durable, it was strengthened with additives. Unfortunately, the additives dulled the hue colorized Bakelite.

Hall introduced his invention on May 27, 1892, at Jacksonville, Illinois. This picture shows three of these labels. Once the paper is used up, that will be it, and the story will be over. By 1930, his company occupied 128-acre plant in New Jersey. Christiaan Neethling Barnard 1923- 2001 was a South African heart surgeon who developed surgical procedures for organ transplants, invented new heart valves, and performed the first human heart transplant on Dec. Velox is Latin meaning swift. After much experimentation and even the creation of another shellac substance called Novolak, Baekeland finally came up with his plastic and called it Bakelite. After transfer, the transferred print on its new support backing, were treated in a Hardening Bath of 2% Chrome Alum and washed for a few minutes before drying. Kodesko is another paper Michael Talbert has found reference to. Anthony saw potential in young Baekeland and offered him a job working in America as a chemist for his company. Every quarter of an hour, or less in bright sunlight, the back of the frame was opened to check on the density of the image on the Albumen paper. The paper could also be “gold toned”, in a bath of gold-sulphocyanide, and then fixed in a plain Hypo bath Ref: “Kodak Papers”, booklet, 1949.